多自由度剑麻收割机的设计与仿真制造

剑麻是一种广泛使用的硬质纤维的主要来源,被广泛的运用到各种行业,需求极大;但其收割现以手工为主,且因剑麻自身带有刺,加大了收割的难度,降低了效率。为解决剑麻的纯手工收割收割困难以及效率低的问题,提出一种多自由度剑麻收割机的机械,并申请了国家发明专利,得到授权。本文将运用UG、Sdams以及Mat Leb对该机械进行改进设计与仿真分析,并试制实物机械进行试验。试验结果表明:该机实现了剑麻收割的半自动化并提高剑麻收割的效率,可满足现行各行各业对剑麻的需求量。     

中美城市树木碳储存的现状对比研究

本文采用对比研究的方法,对中美城市树木的碳储存和碳封存状况进行比较,结果显示我国的主要城市树木平均碳储量高于美国,单位面积碳储量平均值低于美国,揭示了研究城市树木的碳储存和碳封存具有重要的现实意义,为我国进一步提升城市的生态环境以及城市树木的种植提供了有益思路。本文建议:在进行城市树木补植补造的同时,重视树木种类的选择和气候条件;加大城市绿化的投入力度,加强植被复层结构的管理;加强体制和机制的建设,关注城市树木的种植和养护。     

Interspecific cross‐hybrids of Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. (gla.) S ‘K326’ with Nicotiana alata

In order to introduce the Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (TSWV) resistance from Nicotiana alata into Nicotiana tabacum, a cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) line of N. tabacum (N. tabacum L. cv. (gla.) S ‘K326’), was successfully crossed with N. alata. Despite a high DNA content variability, F₁ hybrids could be classified in two subgroups, a major one encompassing fertile hybrids morphologically similar to their tobacco maternal parent but TSWV sensitive, and a minor one displaying sterile hybrids showing an intermediate phenotype and TSWV resistant. In order to elucidate the unexpected fertility recovery of the fertile F₁ plants, some N. alata fertility restoration ppr genes were cloned and were shown to be differentially expressed between parental lineages as well as between both F₁ subgroups, suggesting that N. alata contains fertility restoring allele able to overcome the CMS of N. tabacum.     

农业科研机构知识库建设需求与策略研究

机构知识库作为开放获取的途径之一,在国内外正迅速建设发展。文章基于某农业科研机构科研和管理人员对机构知识库的总体认知、建设需求与参与意愿调研,从资源建设、技术保障、服务拓展和共建共享等方面提出适合农业科研机构的机构知识库建设策略与建议,以期为农业科研机构知识库的规划建设和推广使用提供参考依据。     

民国时期山西农业科技述论

通过查阅、检索大量的原始文献资料,梳理了民国时期山西农业科技发展的历史脉络。阐述了山西主要农事机构及学校的创办情况,从选育优良品种、推广农业技术、开展科学试验3个方面介绍了农事机构及学校的科技活动。对民国时期山西农业科技活动的成效和局限性做了简单的归纳,认为北洋政府以及山西地方政府的农业改良措施,对于传播农业科技知识、恢复农业生产起到一定作用。从理念上看,引进品种的同时注重科学试验以提升自身的研究能力,将棉业作为当时的特色优势产业大力发展,与当下加强基础研究、提升创新实力,发展特色优势产业、加快脱贫致富步伐有相似之处。     

基于RS与GIS的山东某煤矿区历史遗留损毁土地调查

我国地域辽阔，但可利用土地资源少，同时由于生产建设和自然灾害等，造成许多优质土地资源损毁。调查清楚土地损毁情况，采取针对性的土地复垦措施，在目前经济发展中显得尤为迫切。以山东某矿区为例，确定了历史遗留损毁土地的划定依据，利用RS与GIS等技术手段对矿区进行地表沉陷预计，用遥感影像提取土地利用变化情况，得到了历史遗留损毁土地的位置、面积和损毁类型等信息，为后期土地复垦与规划提供参考。      

Characterizing long-term forest disturbance history and its drivers in the Ning-Zhen Mountains,Jiangsu Province of eastern China using yearly Landsat observations (1987–2011)

Forest losses or gains have long been recognized as critical processes modulating the carbon flux between the biosphere and the atmosphere. Timely, accurate and spatially explicit information on forest disturbance and recovery history is required for assessing the effectiveness of existing forest management. The major objectives of our research focused on testing the mapping efficacy of the vegetation change tracker (VCT) model over a forested area in China. We used a new version of VCT algorithm built upon the Landsat time series stacks (LTSS). The LTSS consisted of yearly image acquisitions to map forest disturbance history from 1987 to 2011 over the Ning-Zhen Mountains, Jiangsu Province of east China. The LTSS consisted of TM and ETM+ scenes with different projections due to distinct data sources (Beijing remote sensing ground station and the USGS EROS Center). The validation results of the disturbance year maps showed that most spatial agreement measures ranged from 70 to 86 %, comparable with the VCT accuracies reported for many places in USA. Very low accuracies were identified in 1995 (38.3 %) and 1992 (56.2 %) in the current analysis. These resulted from the insensitivity of the VCT algorithm to detect low intensity disturbances and also from the mis-registration errors of the image pairs. Major forest disturbance types existing in our study area were identified as agricultural expansion (39.8 %), urbanization (24.9 %), forest management practice (19.3 %), and mining (12.8 %). In general, there was a gradual decreasing trend in forest cover throughout this region, caused principally by China’s economic, demographic, environmental and political policies and decisions, as well as some weather events. While VCT has largely been used to assess long term changes and trends in the USA, it has great potential for assessing landscape level change elsewhere throughout the world.     

月桂酸单甘油酯对花鲈脂质代谢的影响

为评价月桂酸单甘油酯(Glycerol monolaurate,GML)对花鲈(Lateolabrax maculatus)脂质代谢的影响,文章通过基础饲料拌喂0 mg·kg^-1(对照组)、1000 mg·kg^-1(低剂量组)、2000 mg·kg^-1(中剂量组)和4000 mg·kg^-1(高剂量组)的GML,养殖均质量为(230±20)g的花鲈8周。结果显示:1)添加GML组的腹脂率均显著降低,肝体比第4周明显降低(P<0.05);2)低剂量和中剂量组的血清甘油三酯、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇浓度和天冬氨酸转氨酶活性均低于高剂量组(P<0.05);3)中剂量组的高密度脂蛋白胆固醇浓度均高于其他组(P<0.05);4)添加GML组肝脏中超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性和还原型谷胱甘肽浓度均有升高,而丙二醛浓度显著降低(P<0.05);5)添加GML组的肝脏中脂肪酸合成酶和乙酰辅酶A羧化酶活性降低,且脂质沉积明显减少(P<0.05);脂蛋白脂酶活性均显著下降,中剂量组显著高于其他组(P<0.05)。综上,饲料中添加GML能够显著改善花鲈脂质代谢,该实验条件下,GML最适拌料量为2000 mg·kg^-1。     

辉夜姬——日本竹文化的象征

《竹取物语》是日本物语文学之＂鼻祖＂,有着浓厚的日本竹文化背景。通过小说中竹文化背景、竹子发光、竹灵信仰、竹工艺文化、三月长大、辉夜姬的光辉、命名竹文化、管弦竹文化、八月十五升月日等方面,揭示日本竹文化内涵,论证了此竹之传奇的主人公辉夜姬业已成为日本竹文化的象征。     

Gene cloning of ZmMYB59 transcription factor in maize and its expression during seed germination in response to deep‐sowing and exogenous hormones

Discovering the key genes responsible for deep‐sowing germination is very meaningful to cultivate maize varieties with strong germination ability in soil. In this study, ZmMYB59 gene whose functions remain unknown was successfully cloned. Subcellular localization showed that ZmMYB59 was localized in the nucleus. By analysing cis‐acting elements of its promoter sequence, many elements of MYB binding domain responsive to hormones (particularly gibberellin, GA) were found. On this basis, ZmMYB59 expression in different sowing depths, germination stages, tissues and treatments was analysed by real‐time PCR. ZmMYB59 expression levels in embryos or seedlings were significantly decreased with the increase in sowing depth at 2 days or 4 days after sowing (DAS). Further analysis showed that its expression in mesocotyls was also significantly downregulated with the increase in sowing depth at both 6 DAS and 8 DAS. Similarly, seed soaking with 10^‐5 M GA₃ inhibited ZmMYB59 expression in mesocotyls at 3 DAS. These results suggest that ZmMYB59 may play a negative regulatory role in seed germination in deep soil and the regulation is involved in GA signalling pathway.